Compass & Map: Part III

Preparing For

Your Longest Day!

It Will Be A Different Story

Copyright

By

Drs. Brocato, ShootingStar, & Kong

2011

Navigation

Navigation answers a number of questions to Staying Found. Navigation is the process of movement, without getting lost. It answers several questions:

1.	Where you are.

2.	Where have you been.

3.	Where you will be.

4.	How do I get there.

5.	How do I get back.

In navigation, you use a universal reference point, which is North, be it Magnetic North or Geographic North. And, recalling from previous discussions, you want the Compass & Map to talk the same language, which means making sure both compass and map are oriented to geographic north, or both are oriented to magnetic north. We like Orienting Compass and Map to Geographic North.

Wherever you go on Earth, North stays put! By aligning your Compass and Map to North—and it is best to choose one and stay with it, it is almost impossible to get lost, provided you stay sensible by:

•	Eating regularly.

•	Drinking water on a regular basis.

•	Not getting fatigued. Rest when tired. Don't let your legs go out.

•	Stay oriented to where you are.

•	Plus the items spoken about in the last Compass & Map: Part II.

Before we give the Mechanics of Navigation, we give some terms:

1.	A Line of Position: This is the process by which one takes a line of sight (also known as a Sighting Line) to an object (landmark) and draw it on the map. This refers to an imaginary line you have sighted along to take a bearing. This places you somewhere on that line. This informs you where you are when you haven't any idea. Then, you begin to feel better about where you possibly are. You are somewhere from the object you shot a bearing to, did certain mechanical operations, such as Orient the Map first (involves setting declination of compass), then did the pivot, discussed in a previous section and will do so more in this document, drew a line, and you can say with confidence, "I am somewhere along this line."

2.	A Fix: From plain geometry, "Two straight lines can intersect at only one point." When you take a bearing of an object, and then use another bearing, draw lines of each one, where they cross, you have a FIX. You have crossed two lines of position and this tells you this is the only spot you could be on the map, or just about there, depending how accurately you took the bearings; and did not forget to set the declination on your compass and Orient Compass and Map.

However, this Fix is a good approximation and gets better according to your compass and taking a third bearing and where all three cross, this tends to place you in the triangle. A 90 degree cross is better than one less than 60 degrees or more than that of 120 degrees. You need to get out and practice this. Angles less than 60 degrees and greater than 120 degrees should be avoided. However, this may not always be possible. It is better if you can get a cross bearing of 90 degrees...again, that is ideal, but not always possible. You have less accuracy to locating yourself when bearings taken to use for cross-
bearings are less than 60 degrees and more than 120 degrees apart. But, you are still somewhere close to where the lines cross. You may not be on the 'cross hairs' but you are still somewhere close enough to where the two bearings meet. You are not lost! You want Cross Bearings with angles between 60 degrees and 120 degrees; not less nor more when shooting for triangulation (resection).

3.	Baselines: This is a reference line which is a long feature, both on the map and off. It can be stream, a creek, a road, railroad tracks, fence, coastline, a mountain ridge, even a power-line cut, or, the side of a valley that is steep.

4.	A Cross-Bearing used as a Baseline. You have only, say, mountain peaks. Shoot one, write it down; then, shoot the other from the same point of origin, often, one's camp. Take off for the mountain peak you first shot, come back by its back-bearing, using the second peak's bearing, reading it as you periodically turn toward it and get its reading. Write down your bearings. You will be on the original line's first bearing and the second will be decreasing until you reach the base camp. Then, you have confirmation along back from the second bearing shot, as it will be decreasing to that (second bearing) from whence you shot it from. We'll give a diagram making this readily understandable. You will want to go to a park and try it. It is really fun, safe and exhilarating, and builds confidence in your Map & Compass trekking.

5.	Transit: When you set out on a plain and there are no landmarks about you can use for bearing shots, then use your own trekking partner as a transit. A transit occurs when two objects, widely spaced apart, appear to line up. By applying this modality to your trekking procedures, it will be hard to get lost.

A Number of Specific Mechanics

You Want To Learn How To Do

After you learn and practice the following mechanics of navigation, you should be able to find your way out of most situations, if not all, anywhere in the world. You should no longer be worried about Staying Found, if you were before. We all have a certain amount of fear of getting lost; this is good! It keeps us on our 'toes' and especially so if we have studied the previous documents on Compass & Map.

Getting the books we have recommended, coupled with this series we have been proffering, should not keep you from the Spirit of Adventure and Staying Found during your Great Trek!

Not too much longer and you will have what it takes to get out and do 'The Adventure.' We, as has been given regularly, suggest one get out and practice in their fenced in back yard first; then, a local park; find another local park with different landmarks, practice taking bearings and doing triangulation (cross-bearings, resection) and then, move on to a bigger park; then, a National Park or local forest rocky area where you will be safe from predators, mainly the two-legged kind. If the local jurisdiction allows, be properly armed. We recommend you teach the mirror what you are going to do for enhancing your learning. Then, if you have a friend who has been doing similar, both of you do the practice scenarios. Always file a Route Path plan with a responsible person when you leave your area. Your confidence and skill will increase, as does your physical strength, especially your leg strength, through all this practice.

Throughout all this, your mettle becomes reforged, remade, enhanced, and stronger. The increase in your confidence alone is amazing.

A.	I Am Somewhere On This Line In The Field That Is On The Map.

You are aware that you are on a line. It can be a mountain ridge, a trail, a power-line, or railroad track. It may even be a river or stream. You have placed yourself along this baseline, but exactly where on the baseline, you do not know. What's one to do?

You have already placed yourself on the map that you see is the trail on the map. You now need another line because you know that where two lines cross, this gives you an approximate fix on your location. You can shoot a bearing to another landmark, say a hill or mountain, or a forest ranger tower. Do not just aim towards the other landmark, but at a specific spot on it. Say, for instance, the top peak of the mountain; or, some definitive feature, as a Saddle between a two peak mountain. The same goes for shooting any bearing. Shoot a particular spot on that bearing.

When you plot the bearing on the map of the particular landmark and draw a line from it using your baseplate edge of your compass, you cross the first landmark you are on, the trail. Where it crosses, this places you about there. Therefore, get a second bearing and draw it as done above and where it crosses the trail, with the mountain bearing line plotted on the map, that gives you a very close approximation to where you are on the trail.

What you have done is take bearings on identifiable landmarks in the field that are also on the map, such that you can place the bearings on the map and draw their lines. Where they cross with your first landmark, the trail, identifies where you are on that trail.

Here's How You Do All This:

1)	Orient Map & Compass, as given in Part I. This also involves accounting for declination of your map.

2)	Shoot Bearing(s).

3)	Don't Touch Housing.

4)	Now, place the compass on the map you have oriented. Do not move the map. Place the compass's baseplate edge at the first bearing you have just taken, on the map's symbol for that landmark, using only the feature you took the bearing from.

5)	Again! Do not move the map.

6)	Keeping and using the baseplate edge against the feature you took the bearing on, rotate (pivot) the whole compass—that is the baseplate and everything attached—until "Red In Shed" occurs. The latter is the process of pivoting the whole compass with its baseplate edge against the feature you took the bearing on, until the magnetic needle's north end (usually red) is in the orienting arrow. When this occurs, you have now created the line you took in the air, the direct bearing line, on the map. Now, while you have 'Red In Shed' draw the line to and through the trail. You may have to use a folded piece of paper or a ruler to extend the line up or down on the map to cross the trail.

7)	You do the above to as many features you took a bearing from and then transpose the line(s) to the map using the immediate mechanical feature above. Three bearings to landmarks in the field transferred to the map with extended lines enhances your accuracy as to where you are.

8)	Where the line or line bearings intersect the trail line bearing, that is where you are approximately within inches to feet or more. The better your technique; the more the direct bearings taken; the more accuracy you have.

9)	Remember! In this case you pivot the compass end's(butt) baseplate edge—the opposite to the Direction-of-Travel Arrow—around the landmark, whose bearing you shot some distance away that you can identify on the map. In (B), below, you will pivot the compass around your known location because you shot something in the field and want to know where it is on the map.

In the following diagram, you get between 60 and 120 degrees as given above for accuracy. Here, we get 104 degrees.

Illustration I: Where Am I?

Illustration II: I Am Here!

B.	What Am I Seeing Out There?

This is the process whereby you know where you are on the map; but, do not know what it is you are looking at to place it on the map. In other words, you see several landmarks which, say, are mountains, closely together in the field, and you want to know which one is it on the map that you are seeing in the field (out there).

This Is What You Do:

1)	Orient Map (See Map & Compass: Orienting The Map).

2)	Take a direct bearing to the questionable landmark. Recall on doing this you set declination mark to map's declination. Then set 'N' to index line and point baseplate's direction-of-travel arrow at particular feature on the mystery mountain in the field. Move housing until 'Red In Shed' occurs. Do not touch the housing after this.

3)	Now, place compass baseplate edge on oriented map at your known location with the butt end of the compass facing away from the mystery feature, and the direction-of-travel arrow portion is facing the unknown feature.

4)	From this position, simply pivot the compass and all around your known position (do not touch the housing) on the map until 'Red In Shed' occurs. When this happens, you are looking at the mystery landmark on the map. You have gone from the field (shot a bearing) and placed and located it on the map. Do not move anything after 'Red In Shed' happens.

5)	Then, draw a line along the map using the baseplate edge. You may have to extend the line with a ruler to the mystery landmark. The mystery mountain in the field is now located on the map and you know where it is in the field. Because the line going from your position to the mountain is the one in the field.

6)	You can now use the map scale and see how far it is to go for exploration because you have heard UFOs have been seen around there. Who knows, you may eventually get to pilot a spaceship!

But...you do not want to get involved with
them and possibly cause a War of The Worlds
that we cannot get ourselves out of. Therefore,
enjoy the view, the sightings, and do not
antagonize them. They may not like their
pictures taken and thus respond This Way!

But, still...don't antagonize them...do not point anything at them. They get mad and feel threatened.

This Is What I Am Seeing In The Field On The Map!

C.	Which One Is Flat-Top Peak?

You want to locate a certain mountain. How do you identify it out in the field with so many flat-tops out there? You hear it has a great view, good picnic area, and is host to a number of caves that will protect you from the roiling sun when it starts hurling oversized CMEs at Planet Earth and most inhabitants will have to go underground. Also, it is considered above and out of the way for the waters and tsunamis coming. Which one is it out there?

This Is What You Do:

1)	Orient the map and compass as one. We prefer using geographic north.

2)	Draw a line from your location on the map to Flat-Top Peak on the map, using a straight edge.

3)	Now, as you have learned above, place compass baseplate alongside one of its edges along drawn line with butt end facing your position and opposite end (Direction-of-Travel) facing Flat-Top Peak, which is in the field, being careful all the while not to move the oriented map.

4)	Hold down the compass on map and turn the housing until 'Red In Shed' occurs.

5)	Read bearing at Index Line.

6)	Pick up compass and hold it in front of you about 4 to 6 inches away from your waist, making sure no belt buckle, fanny pack or anything carrying metal can interfere with the magnetic needle. Now, keeping compass as such, turn your whole body—do not just twist your arms or body—with compass not moving its position, until "Red In Shed" occurs. When this happens, you are now facing, in the field, Flat-Top Peak. Follow the Direction-of-Travel Arrow to get there.

???

Taking A Bearing On The Map To Flat Top Peak And Then Transferring That Map Bearing To The Field (See #6) Above.

D.	Going In The Field Somewhere You Cannot See.

You want to travel to a certain spot in the field because you have heard a rumor it has a spring that flows with 'healing' waters. Of course, you have heard such things before and they never pan out, but...still your interest is piqued and you really want the adventure and experience of going there and tasting this pure cold water which is fed from the mountain's snow cap. Actually, you just want to practice your Map & Compass expertise for reinforcement for The Great Trek.

Here Is What You Do:

• Orient the Map (If you forgot how, see Map & Compass: Orienting The Map.

• Mark your Beginning spot and your Goal on the map.

• This next step is always important so as to reserve valuable resources, such as physical energy and save mental anguish.

Choose the best path between your Start (Beginning) and Destination (Goal).

• Measure (take) the bearings of Start and Goal on the map.

• Take them off the map and follow them in the field.

This Is How To Do It:

1) Draw a line between your Beginning (Start) and Destination (Goal).

2) Place the compass on the map that is now oriented.

3) While the compass is on the oriented map, hold the baseplate steady on it
and turn the compass housing until "Red In Shed." Do not touch the
housing from here on.

4) Read the bearing to your Destination at the Index Line (120 degrees in following illustration)

5) Now, how do you get to the Destination in the Field? This is how.

a)	Load up your Travel Pack and Run Bag and make
ready to move out.

b)	Hold the compass in front of you 6 to 8 inches, making sure no metal is
around near it such as weapons, fanny pack, canteen, and the like,
including your wrist watch if it is low on your wrist.

c)	Turn your whole body with the compass as in b); not just your arms or twisting your body. The whole body turns until "Red In Shed" occurs. Then,

d)	You are now pointed in the right direction. Take off in that direction, following the bearing you took off the map from the line drawn from Start to Goal. Look for intermediate landmarks, if any, on the map that you can identify in the field, you will be passing on the way to the Goal. These serve as confirmation that you are not drifting afar.

Study the two illustrations following and go out into the field and practice with Compass & Map. It can be a city map you take to your local park. Mark a place on the map you cannot see in the field, but can see it on the map. Make sure the landmark you mark on the map is only a block or so away, but cannot see it from where you are. Also notice certain landmarks on the map such that as you walk off in that direction, they will help guide you.

The latter are known as 'Catch Points' or 'Handrails.' A catch point is an easily identifiable landmark that is an indicator of where you are as you are moving along to your goal, and the catch point crosses a 'Handrail.' A 'Handrail' (road, fence, edge of a field, lake-shore, a ridge, a valley, or a power-line cut, or a power line, or railroad tracks) can be a long or short, natural or man-made feature running parallel to your navigation route or course. You 'latch' onto handrails, symbolically, as you move with them as the map shows them running along your route and your goal may be to the right or left of a certain feature on the handrail. This feature is a 'Catch Point' that may be a bridge crossing the handrail, or some other feature such as rapids in a river (handrail) for a certain length. You use them when changing a course or leaving a line. When and where you practice, stay Safe and Alert! Keep a safe distance when talking to strangers. Predators attempt to get within 4 to 3 feet of victims to make a final 'leap' onto them. Remember! A well-oxygenated, healthy person can cover 21 feet in 1.5 seconds. Have your gun in hand, out of sight, before they get this close.

E.	Using A Cross Bearing As A Baseline.

This is the process whereby there are few landmarks and therefore, you want to explore further; or, as in this case, Dr. "B" broke camp at the base of the mountain that morning as he took us a trekking to Half-Saddle mountain whereby we could enjoy some snow, since it was so hot below. We were not allowed to melt the snow and drink the water later nor eat the snow. He explained it is probably loaded with toxins from around the world. We could do it only if we used our Katadyn Pocket Filtering unit and ran it through an activated charcoal filter, which we had on the filtering unit.

Nevertheless, it was 'fun-time' in the mountains. We were given some cautions about ice bridges under the snow that could give way and we would go falling into a deep chasm. All were careful and stayed near a ridge portion and had a snow ball fight like a bunch of kids!

Here Is What You Do:

1) Take a Direct Bearing on one object, in this case, the Half-Saddle Mountain.

2) Take another bearing on another (second) object. This is your cross bearing (Baseline Bearing). Here it is more accurate if the two objects meet the 60 to 120 degree consideration given earlier. However, that is not always possible and being at the timberline, there was one lone pine standing out from the others.

3)	As you have seen earlier, there is one spot where only two lines or more lines meet. That is a fix. It is best for more accuracy to pinpoint your position and get back to base camp easier, to shoot three bearings, which is not always possible, as in this case due to weather conditions in that area.

4) After you have gone to the first line bearing area, explored it, and are ready to return, start shooting bearings periodically to the object. And, as you keep returning, periodically take a bearing to the second object.

They keep you on course and get smaller, until you finally arrive at your original bearing you took to the second object from base camp.

5) You should regularly check your first bearing by using its back bearing or turning around and checking the original bearing to be the same as you first took it.

As you perform the decreasing second bearing landmark, in this case, a tall pine, you are back at base camp when the two bearings (first landmark and second landmark), where you are standing, coincide.

Then, if the first does not coincide at the same spot with the second (tall pine) bearing, simply move around until you have the first bearing to the mountain doing so.

However, by this time, if everything was done right, you can see your base camp a few feet or maybe even 300 feet away. For practice, work your first bearing by moving around until "Red In Shed" happens for that bearing to the mountain (first bearing in this example, 30 degrees).

The main point is that when returning, you take bearings on the return line you went up on (first bearing line), periodically to the Cross Bearing Landmark (second bearing—tall pine tree; 80 degree bearing). It should be decreasing or increasing until it equals the second bearing which is the Cross Bearing Landmark.

Things To Consider

When trekking in dense, wooded areas, you will need a machete; however, you must pace your bushwhacking because you will burn up, within 30 to 40 minutes, energy needed to get you through the bush area that may go for miles and take hours. We are speaking from experience here.

Another thought is that it might be advisable not to have such a long machete as this trekker has, as the length alone creates a cantilever effect which uses more muscular control. This can cause periodic muscular spasms of the forearms later in the day. Hence, it is a good idea to do forearm wrist movements with light weights to strengthen and get these muscles in shape for such an endeavor.

The machete used by this trekker is 27 inches long from tip to end of handle. One 18 to 24 inches long would be a better option for most, especially women. We recommend one get those forearm muscles in shape now; any weight lifting routine that does not include the above will leave you wasted in just a short order, regardless of how bulging one's forearm muscles are.

A better exercise, so you can see exactly wherein you will need to spend time exercising special parts of the body additionally, is to go to a local dense woods and start cutting a trail to a main trail with a machete. If you do this several weekends in a row, you will get the development you need and can continue that development in your home gym or wherever.

Carry insect repellant and spray your ankles, back, sides, legs front and back, and arms. Spray on your hands and swipe your neck front and back with the insect repellant, face and ears also.

We have found if you are in a group, and you most likely will be, the color orange shows best in a dense wooded area. Red next. Thus, we recommend a thick, with left or right chest pocket with pencil holder, T-shirt from RIGGS WORKWEAR by Wrangler (Contractor Grade), 100 % cotton. It is thick enough to help protect, but light enough to shed considerable heat. It will become saturated in triple digit weather with perspiration.

You may opt for something different, but we do recommend the bright colors so that, if in a group, you can be seen if you wander off and are moving about when you sound the whistle. We suggest a red hat with bib worn correctly to protect the face from thorny brush. You can wave your hat and it is seen easily in dense brush, such that your trekking party can find you on The Forced Trek. Be sure and use your whistle, according to plan.

We just discovered, by using the whistle at 100 or so feet in dense, thick underbrush and forest, something which reconfirmed our thoughts. The sound was redirected such that it appeared it was coming from a direction some 15 to 20 degrees from the direction from whence the sound actually originated. The red hat being waved in a high overhead arching motion and the orange shirt, after hacking for just only five yards brought us into view of the source of the whistle.

A great time was reported had by all, as this was an experience-learning class taught by Dr. "B" and ShootingStar.

If you are on The Great Trek, Camouflages are fine; but, your trekking partners will not find you either, as there will be rogues on the run also. And they will be looking for the 3 Fs: Food, Fuel, and Females, as they make their Forced Trek!

While wearing the bright colors, as you will see, you will still fade into the bush if you get down and low. They become fall-colored leaves, etc. that are still about and have not deteriorated yet, if you are trekking in a different season. We saw plenty of these orange hues mixed with reds and browns.

We all then saw Dr. "B's" wisdom in this. It was truly a fun game, and we developed experience, whereby we took turns at being lost. Dr. "B" worked it out for us and had the trail well-marked for everyone when he took one at a time into the brush— and we were all in the brush— and watched them disappear. He came back to us, and then we had to find them. There was no way we could have gotten lost. We stayed as a group and went off in the direction he took the 'actor.' But, unbeknownst to us, he veered off just out of sight and then the person shouted 'Hello...hello.' We really could not tell where the sound came from, other than from 'that vicinity over there.'

When they blew the whistle...'tooot.' We blew back two toots. We thought we were honing in on the periodic tooots. But, when the 'lost' waved the red hat and moved just a little bit, we knew what we saw was not color of the woods from decaying leaves, mold or fungus; it was alive and moving, which led us directly to the lost person.

What a wonderful learning experience we all had and developed a greater respect for the Great Outdoors than we ever had before. One person reported, We have not been good stewards of the Earth. Another said, Yeah, we are a very wasteful lot of beings. And another followed that with, Just look at the waste of food out there! Restaurants report people, especially with kids, leave much of the order untouched on their plates.

And still another said, 'Just look at the adults and kids and commercials that glorify Food Fights!'

ShootingStar of ChemicalBiological WarFare.net was in such great shape, that SS kept going from person to person, mind you . . . in that thick, heavy underbrush, and downed dead trees everywhere, checking on each individual, keeping them hydrated, reminding them to 'protein up now,' and keeping them well-fed and energized, giving advice and encouragement, shouting up ahead to stop the advance when a student felt light headed (temperature in the densest part of the 'jungle' was 104 degrees) and got them recovered, so that everyone, including Dr. "B" was amazed at this human's personal strength, personal integrity, and fortitude and love of service to others.

ShootingStar never seemed to wear down nor out! It became quite obvious to all, that SS has a great love of God's Great Outdoors and demonstrated this by being a great steward of the land we passed through. Throughout this, never was a word heard from SS's lips that was negative. It was all positive and uplifting! If the pace got too tough for some of the weaker ones, the shout rang out, "Cut the pace by one-third," and when the weaker ones recovered, "Restore the pace back to one-third up." And on and on with much more, such that all had a good time on the Navigation Exercise in real time. All through this, we continuously climbed over the dead downed trees in our path, finding a way. Also, the ground was thoroughly uneven with every step and briar bushes met us practically every inch of the trek.

When it was over, ShootingStar did say, 'That, was The Trek From Hell!' Everyone needs to do it just once for practice. And folks! That is what you will be saying when The Forced Trek you do is over.

A Little BackGround Music May Get You In The Correct Spirit

While You Look At The Following

One of The Trekkers At The Meeting

Ready To Disembark

Spiders From Hell!

This One Was Particularly Vicious!

Notice The 'Jungle' Lair Of The Spiders

We Stumbled Onto:

They Were Four To Five Inches Long

Webs Spread Between Two & Four Trees!

The Pajaro Field Bag Family

We highly recommend this field bag for the long trek. Get it now for practicing with it and for evaluating what you want to carry in it besides, pencil, pad, eraser, compass, and binoculars.

This item has a strap that can double as waist strap or shoulder strap. Ends close and fasten down.

Also get Nalgene, BPA free 32 ounces (one quart)
canteen. Get also waist carrier and canteen holder to
attach onto waist belt (military style)

Folks! This is Kong writing. When The Great Practice Trek was over, and we broke through the forest and were on level ground again, camping at a mountain base, everyone around camp that night was asking, "How did I do?" They all did well. Dr. "B" cooked a gracious meal on the campfire of rehydrated beef, potatoes, and rice with reconstituted sour cream. Without the water, it made carrying all this easy. And still, many continued to lose fatty tissue for several days when they got back.

That is what a true workout does for you if you are overweight. You are burning the fat to get the glycerol for conversion into, eventually, glucose to drive the metabolic machinery.

Dr. "B" had all bring 'Juicy Fruit' gum. The real thing! The small amount of sugar fed into the system slowly, and this gum kept the mouth moist. Everyone was thankful for the salient advice. At first, one thought to bring sugar-free gum only, but decided to listen to the trek leader. She saw the wisdom why when they did chew some of the artificial stuff. It is not as tender as the real 'stuff.' Harder to chew, and takes energy instead of giving it. It also got tougher and formed more into a knot as one chewed it.

When Dr. "B" saw what one was doing, he inquired as to whether they had the 'real stuff?' They did. He asked if they would share the artificial with the group and then after having all take a short break and chew, he lectured if they noticed how harder and harder it became to chew. He went into the chemistry and physiology as to why he recommends Juicy Fruit gum. The trekkers got the message right away and were glad to experience how something this simple can help make a hard trek more salubrious. He lectured more on different topics as the need arose. It was a real educational outing that will probably save someone(s) live(s) soon.

One thing he brought out clearly was why no alcohol allowed, except for medicinal purposes and only that of 'Everclear 190 Proof.' The latter is 95 % pure. Ethyl alcohol is a mild antiseptic. Though this grain alcohol, or any drinking alcohol blocks an enzyme that then does not diminish the diuretic hormone which then causes prodigious micturition, this is not what you want on a long hard hot trek! "Remember," Dr. "B" said, "Save Sweat, not water." You have not Saved Sweat (water) if you are urinating it out prodigiously. You will soon run out of potable water.

The Everclear 190 proof is recommended to carry in a small vial if someone got sick and could not eat. Rub a little of the grain alcohol, any type for that matter, on a broad body part, and the body will use it as a food. This is not generally known. It will provide calories that may mean the difference between life or death. But, it is not for imbibing, Dr. "B" said. You do not want someone on a hard trek with you drinking. He will become a problem!

You will not believe this, but Dr. "B" had to lecture before the trek, if anyone took diuretics, for whatever reason, they were probably going to go face-down. It is probably going to be averaging 100 to 104 degrees in those woods, and you will lose enough fluid, much more than what the diuretic will take out. But if you have taken a diuretic, you can see that you will have placed your life in danger.

This is why they had a meeting two days before the trek on do's and don'ts. It is amazing how brainwashed people have become towards taking drugs and medications from Big Pharma, and not considered their circumstances as to whether or not what they are about to do or eat is taking the place of that drug.

During this time, Dr. "B" also evaluated their diets. His response: "Your diet will make you go face down with what we are about to experience. Therefore, you do not have enough electrolytes and this does not mean carrying 'Sports Drinks' instead of water!" He had everyone go to a local health foods store in their city and get Mega-Mins by Nature's Plus. Also, "Carry small packets of bicarb of soda (Arm & Hammer Baking Soda) and periodically put a pinch (approximately 1/8 teaspoon or less) in your mouth and then drink from your water canteen." This was to stop the cramps coming from the hard uneven ground walking and hacking through where they were going and fighting the 'Bushwhacking' operation all would have to perform and endure to the end.

If one did a vomit or two, then swishing out the mouth with baking soda solution (baking soda and water) saves the enamel from the hydrochloric acid regurgitated up. Also, this will keep you from becoming acidotic if you become ill and throw up several times. Best to head off trouble before it can occur if possible. We all followed his sage advice. We could tell once off 'the beaches' it could be hell for us if not prepared. It's coming folks! Everyone wanted to hear his lecture on 'Surviving The Aftertime.' And they did.

He then, while everyone was eating, lectured more on bicarb of soda, SSRIs, and aspirin. Dr. "B" pointed out that all, because of the intense hacking through the dense undergrowth and the rigorous climb—this is intense exercise, and, as such, causes the body to lose bone (bone resorption) from the skeleton. Many, at your present ages, are prime candidates, and from the questionnaire you answered, and the diet evaluations prior to doing this trek, and drugs you take, are prime candidates for osteoporotic bone conditions, which you may already have and not know it until a break occurs. Therefore, "I recommend the following just now: Dolomite tablets (calcium-
magnesium-carbonate)," which he brought along, "a small pinch of sodium bicarbonate powder, and one aspirin, unless anyone has problems—real, or imagined—with aspirin, or the other substances."

Here are the reasons Dr. "B" gave for such:

Everyone by now knows how hormone replacement therapy with estrogen, from the publication of the Women's Health Initiative results in 2002, caused a greater increase in breast cancer and heart attacks. What is generally not known, but was reported, it also generated dementia.

The mineral used in new bone regeneration is calcium carbonate. This is slowly changed to include large amounts of calcium phosphate. Carbon dioxide is part of the mineral, CO2 is additionally formed into the protein, osteocalcin, which requires vitamin K. This protein causes calcium to bind to it. The osteocalcin protein also binds to molecules of collagen. Thirty percent of the mass of bone is formed by collagen. The bone consists of several percent of other organic molecular structures and this includes osteocalcin, and the remainder of the bone mass is other minerals.

Now, with the above in mind, low bicarbonate, as occurred in the trek back there due to the intense exercise and increased lactic acid production, slowing down muscular movement, appears to remove carbonate from the bone. Hence, the reason I doled out, periodically, calcium-magnesium-carbonate in the form of Dolomite tablets, gotten from your local health food store.

If this is too much for you, just remember this is one of the reasons you did not go 'Face-Down.' And, intense exercise produces lactic acid which causes loss from bone, and the sodium bicarbonate I had you take periodically back there, increased your calcium retention in the bone!

The aspirin was proffered to you, because, like vitamin K, it supports cell respiration and inhibits the formation of lactic acid. Cellular respiration is where foodstuffs are burned, including bone break down and muscle and fat tissue breakdown products to carbon dioxide, water, and energy—actually, the later is ATP, the energy currency of the cell, and therefore, of the body.

The reason why I asked if any were on antidepressants and for how long in the questionnaire is because "serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, already known to increase prolactin by increasing the effects of serotonin, were found to be causing osteoporosis after prolonged use. Estrogen increases serotonin, which besides promoting the secretion of prolactin, also stimulates the production of parathyroid hormone and cortisol, both of which remove calcium from bone and contribute to the calcification of blood vessels," writes Dr. Ray Peat, September 2011, in Ray Peat's Newsletter.

Simply put: excess tryptophan, serotonin, SSRIs, DDT (coming in foods from Mexico and other foreign places, America sells it to them; since it is not allowed to be sold here) all increase prolactin, which generates osteoporosis, or brittle bone. Now, think about this: Many are going to do a Forced Trek and not make it and you now see some of the reasons why—Brittle Bones! Are you prepared to handle this in your group; especially if your invited friends, who bring their 'best friends' and they, too, are prime candidates for Breaks? Then what? It will be bad enough on a healthy person, but he can possibly limp through it, with assistance, to safety because his health is in his favor.

Therefore, you now start on Dolomite (5-6 tablets spread throughout the day); a pinch once a day, if you are on Estrogen, SSRIs, eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, and so-forth, of Arm & Hammer Pure Baking Soda and Vitamin K with K2. We further recommend 0.25 mcg (micrograms) of Cytomel (a prescription thyroid product); break it into fourths and take a 4th morning, empty stomach, a 4th 2 pm, empty stomach, to facilitate ATP formation in the mitochondria of each cell of the body. More energy!

Vitamin K2 causes the generation of two important proteins, osteocalcin, spoken of above, and osteonectin (Bunyaratavej, et al., 2009), and vitamin K2 oxidizes estradiol, reducing its activity. Estradiol is one of the estrogen hormones males and females produce.

Dr. "B" also said, "It would also be advisable to speak with your physician about testosterone cream or shots (latter for men only) to build stronger bones and muscles. You are going to need muscle tissue—not fat—to get through all this! When this is over, the fat will have been burned for energy and you will be leaner if overweight. We just do not want to lose bone mass or muscle mass, or tissue mass!"

Those of you with chickens, keep this in mind. The eggshell is primarily formed from calcium carbonate. This is similar to bone formation in its early stages. As you all know, America, for the greater part, has been undergoing a drought and very hot weather. During hot weather, chickens pant. This panting lowers their carbon dioxide level; hence, they have thinner shells. And of course, you know what this means.

Giving the chickens a supplement of sodium bicarbonate; or, placing some bicarb of soda (a pinch or so) in their drinking water improves the quality of their shells (Balnave and Muheereze, 1997; Markled and Charles, 1987.)

If your chickens have shells easily broken, they have bicarbonate lower than those who lay eggs with thicker shells (Wideman and Buss, 1985).

"Back to Aspirin," Dr. "B" continued:

"Aspirin not only stimulates bone formation, as does thyroid hormone, but also has other functions similar to thyroid hormone (TH). Aspirin activates mitochondrial respiration and energy production. It increases an enzyme involved therein with such energy generation, cytochrome C oxidase (Cai, et al., 1996). Serotonin is lowered by it (Shen, et al., 2011)—and you now can see why too much serotonin can generate problems. Aspirin also protects soft tissues against calcification (Vasudey, et. Al., 2000). Aspirin may become the new drug for the treatment of bone loss in the future, according to Chen, et al., 2011."

Since most bone loss occurs during the night when adrenaline and cortisol rise, both catabolic substances, and others, such as prolactin, parathyroid hormone, and free fatty acids, rise, they can be assuaged by taking calcium and sugar. Just a teaspoon of sugar at night, along with a calcium tablet reduces the nocturnal stress that causes bone turnover.

The sugar reduces the cortisol stress response and calcium generates mitochondrial respiration (ATP formation) and lowers adrenaline. It also lowers prolactin and the parathyroid hormone.

It has been known since 2007 (Martinez-Ramirez, et al., 2007), that the people who eat more polyunsaturated fat (PUFAs: fish oils, vegetable oils, etc.), not butter or coconut oil, are more likely by several times to have spontaneous fractures than those who ate the least amount of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The PUFAs inhibit oxidative metabolism and thyroid function.

As you can see, we all had an interestingly good and educational time as we 'threw down for the night' around a warm fire, eating good food and drinking hot coffee. Since I am the biggest, I was the pack horse for the food surprises, as all carried their own water and food.

ShootingStar gave some interesting economic lectures on what is in the offing. We all shared and had a good time.

Dr. "B" spoke more on PUFAs. He said, "Arachidonic acid is a fatty acid with four double bonds. It's found practically everywhere; but, we get too much of it in our diets by means of vegetable oils. This acid stimulates prolactin secretion, and prolactin works on the thyroid gland causing it to decrease its activity; on other tissues causing them to increase glycolysis; and, decreases oxidative metabolism production (Spatling, et al., 1982; Strizhkov, 1991).

Ray Peat writes in his newsletter, September 2011:

The intensity of oxidative metabolism is the basic factor that permits continuing coordination of activity, and the harmonious renewal of all the components of the organism.

"While we are here at high altitude, we are strengthening our bones, decreasing prolactin and PTA (parathyroid hormone), and thus, increasing thyroid activity. Your free fatty acids (FFAs) are also being lowered at this altitude. And recall, FFAs lower bone mass by decreasing bone formation; those acids do increase bone resorption—removal of bone tissue.

Therefore, living high has its benefits. Many will live in the future, for a while, at high altitudes to avoid the waters coming. In menopausal women, it has been shown that PUFAs and also, monounsaturated fats, such as olive oil, are associated with bone resorption, which is bone loss (Macdonald, et al., 2004).

Now would be a good time to review: Save Sweat...Not Water!

The meal included biscuits, which we all raved over. They, too, were made from flour, water, and reconstituted butter and plain protein powder. And, get this, we had desert from chocolate high protein powder mixed with reconstituted yogurt, stirred just right into a elegant French mousse.

ShootingStar didn't miss the opportunity to eat heartily, as all did! SS had burned prodigious amounts of energy taking care of us all. And coffee made its rounds regularly. Dr. "B" was chef to all. It was amazing that the coffee, being hot, was really welcomed as the night brought much cooler temperatures at the base of the mountain timberline.

During coffee, Dr. "B" explained about what we should have learned about each's personal mettle, whereas one under such circumstances may not address the problem. Everyone gave rapt attention, because they knew The Mother of all Treks is upon us.

All agreed they are much stronger for the hard times immediately ahead of us all, and also for the game of life now. This group of 5 was extremely happy they were chosen out of many who applied, to make this practice trek for The Forced Trek soon to be upon most of us. A total of 8 made the trek.

No one chided or made snide comments about anyone's foibles, or failures, for we all saw in ourselves our own faults and worked to help each other through the Practice Trek, which was rough enough without any egos surfacing with wisecracks. Everyone grew and wanted more later!

This was because of the strong leadership from Dr. "B" who had a difficult time himself keeping the band found and safe—most to all of the credit he gives to ShootingStar, who had to minister to him on occasion!

The hardest part for all of them present, and a hard silence fell over them was when Dr. "B" said, "You have done very well in all things! The hardest thing lies ahead of you. You will have to cut your losses and leave most of your prepared items behind when you have worked so hard to have them. This hard work has made you stronger. You all knew this from the beginning, as you have all read The Kong Reports with diligence.

"Some of you will have only time to grab your run bags and leave within a moment's notice and never look back. Most cannot do that, but, because of

what you have just done, you can! You have now really prepared mind, body, and soul. Your Spirit ranks with the greatest now. You should make it. Just stay alert and keep in mind what you have seen, heard, and done on this practice trek. Most will not be able to leave their preparations and will suffer hideously for it. You! You, will be able to cast aside and move forward, never looking back. Never begrudging nor bemoaning what you have to do!

"Many Preparedness Magazines are not addressing what you have just done nor what you have done with the mindset, 'I may have to leave it all behind.' Knowing this and thinking about it now will do much to get you through this all. Hesitation will get you killed! Again, Do Not Hesitate!

"Keep in mind, what most Christians no longer address; nor their Pastors, Priests, etc. that sometimes all Christ wants from you is 'blood, sweat, and tears.' He is testing your mettle then! Can you do all this?

"When the comes, you will be ready in Spirit, Mind, and Body!"

We hope you all make it through these most difficult times just ahead! And us too.

Folks, these will be desperate times. This is why we continually say, "Get out and practice." This is what The Essential Wilderness Navigator writes for When You Are Lost.

The day may come when you lose a trail, can't decide which way to go at a junction, or see something that doesn't look right. If you can follow your route back, you are not lost. But if you continue, you could, within an hour or so, very easily become completely lost. This is why you must keep constant track of your position and never charge ahead blindly with hope in your heart (and map and compass buried in your pack.)

As soon as you get that slight twinge of uncertainty, stop to get out your map and compass. Retrace your steps in your mind and on the map. Find that last point where you were absolutely positive about your position, and use that as a reference. With the map oriented, look carefully for landmarks and clues around you. If you are becoming nervous or too worried to think clearly, make this nav-break into a rest stop. At this point, the worst that can happen is that you have to walk back the way you came until you are sure of where you are and then proceed once again from there.

But what happens if you are truly lost? Let's presume you've unknowingly been misreading landmarks and walking the wrong trail for hours without seeing anything wrong.

Then the trail stops where it shouldn't. You have convinced yourself all day that what you saw made sense. Now it doesn't—and now you're lost, good and proper.

The first thing to do is stop and admit that you don't know where you are. Don't blunder onward letting your pride and "sense of direction" take over. Confess your sins so you can begin to undo them.

Fear—with the disbelief, frustration, and panic that accompany it—is the most debilitating result of getting lost. Once it takes hold, you lose your ability to think clearly, see what's around you, and reason objectively. The best way to prevent this is to stop panic before it starts. To calm yourself, remember that at an average speed of perhaps 2 miles per hour, you can't have strayed too far from the rest of the world.

So take off your pack, have a snack, and relax for a while. Sort things out calmly. Let other members in the group know what's going on, build confidence, and start looking for clues. Most of the time, you can reconstruct your mistakes and figure out how you got to where you are and, from there, how to get back. If not, you'll soon be found by others. You did leave a travel plan with someone, didn't you? No?

Well, maybe it won't be so soon, after all. Records show that most lost hikers are found within two or three days.

Kong Here: When The Hell Breaks, there will be no rescuers. And

those without natural fear...you do not want those people around!

Keep all these things in mind that we have been proffering, otherwise you will be saying: What Fresh Hell Is This?

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But first, you need to know about Topographical Map Symbols, especially when you are looking for a cave, if you are serious about all this.

Get the following items:

•	Topographical Map Symbols: Print out 7 pages, the 8th page is empty for the most part. Use 'Print Preview.' Go from there.

•	Get a hand magnifying lens with handle that has a hole in it for lanyard carrying; or, drill a 1/4 inch hole.

•	Ladies, have you got your SheeWee? Or, , the Lady J., both written in the last issue.

•	You need a Metal Whistle for signaling. Did you get this yet? Get Acme.

•	You will need a signaling mirror or two:

•	Consider The Following Carefully GPS Vs. Compass. Watch this several times. Dr. "B" demonstrated what you will see here to the group. They were all shocked and surprised when they saw this occur.

•	In the 'Dos' and 'Don'ts' class, Dr. "B" said you are allowed to have cell phones but you cannot use them for any messaging unless absolutely necessary, otherwise, you will not learn discipline nor get the psycho-
dynamic feeling you want to get and will experience in the future when you are cut-off from society and its appurtenances; GPSs too!

All you heard at night when all were clearly told to bed down, the next day gets harder and harder, were lights on under the space blankets shining light out and chatter...chatter...and phones ringing. One would have thought they could have at least put it on 'vibration,' so as not to be disturbing others.

Well...it gets better! Dr. "B" simply, since he is an electronics enthusiast, pressed something on his side, and all cell phones went dead!

You should have heard the roar come from different encampment areas of the camp! He asked one person why she was calling on the cell phone when she was there for learning? "My kids," came back her excited response! "I've got to check on my kids."

"You mean you left your children home alone," Dr. "B" asked incredulously.

"No," she almost shouted," "They are grown and married with their own kids, but I need to know how they are doing...don't I?" she said with her voice dropping to a whimper.

This woman knew she caused the whole group to stop following instructions and the learning process went to hell. But, Dr. "B," as usual, saved the day by giving them a gentle lecture that illustrated what this kind of action can cause.

1)	Breakdown in group Spirit and lost Learning chance.

2)	Getting lost because one person wants to take over and have their way, regardless of the group. One person can cause disruption!

3)	And what is going to happen to YOU when the real thing happens? Do you realize what all this shows? Please consider it.

When we broke out of the forest and made it to the summit, Dr. "B" then told them, after the 'snowball' fight, "Call your families and tell them where you are, when we get to the summit while I prepare a treat for you." They talked and talked and talked as if they needed that fix! And they were only off for a few days. What will happen when the EMFs hit?

One thing we heard again and again as the trekkers talked on the phone: 'We've got a lot to discuss so we can all stay together— not lost!

But, Stay Found! Also, we have to talk discipline with anyone coming with us when The Great Trek is begun!' They had all grown. We were very proud of them. The trek back was uneventful, but fun.

Dr. "B" showed, demonstrated, and we did it, how to do an 'Off-Shoot' or 'Deliberate Error.' This took us around The Trek From Hell we just came from and ended back with only 8 feet of error, maybe 10, from our starting point. No problem however, we could all see the base camp away for several hundred feet, as there were more than just one small tent. I put a red flag on mine so I could find it easily from a distance.

A Reminder For The Ladies:

Ladies: Get This Device, or You'll Be Saying:

More on The SheeWee!

They Write:

Stand up and Take Control!

How to Shewee.........

1. Undo pants. Pull down the front of your panties or push to one side. Place Shewee securely against your body.

2. Direct outlet pipe away from body and out of pants. Be sure Shewee is positioned in an effective and comfortable position. Aim urine to a suitable place; into a toilet or away from feet.

3. Once relieved, pull funnel away and use to wipe any final drips. Shake funnel. Replace in resealable bag.

Tip: Practice with Shewee in your shower to find the best position for you. (On leaving the body, urine is sterile).

Dr. "B" says, "Re: 'Urine is sterile' is no guarantee! Have they ever run dip stick on urine in labs? Often loaded with bacteria. Be warned!"